The pandemic saw a surge in pet ownership, with the UK's dog population rising to an estimated 11 million. While dogs were seen as a way to gain companionship and give purpose to daily exercise regimes, new research by the Royal Veterinary College estimates that lockdown puppies have high rates of behavioural issues.

A study of over 1,000 people, funded by Battersea Dogs and Cats, says the most common problems, post lockdown, are pulling on the lead, jumping up at people and not coming back when called.

"They are often a sign a dog is struggling to cope or that they haven't been taught an appropriate response in a situation, rather than dogs intentionally behaving 'badly'," said Dr Rowena Packer, an author of the study.

Denise Mariner-Chappell, who got her Labrador in 2020, said she struggled with training and socialising her dog due to lockdown measures. "He's a crazy dog when he's out," she told BBC News. "He's just manic. He wants to play and sniff, and everything, but not with humans."

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Chris McLoughlin//Getty Images

Another dog owner from West Yorkshire said she faced verbal abuse from other owners. She told the BBC that one shouted at her to "get your dog away from my dog before I kick him round the field." Her puppy was unable to attend training classes during lockdown, but she consulted a trainer later on.

Meanwhile, four in five of those in the study reported turning to aversive training methods, such as shouting, which can increase fear and anxiety in dogs. Only 18% of owners in the survey didn't use aversive training methods.

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Problems are easier to solve when you seek help. If you are worried about your dog's behaviour, the Blue Cross recommend contacting a qualified behaviourist or trainer through your vet or the Animal Behaviour and Training Council (ABTC). Your local vet will also be able to help.

Take a look at the behaviours below:

5 behaviours you're more likely to see in lockdown puppies

    1. Pulling on the lead
    2. Jumping up at people
    3. Not coming back when called
    4. Separation anxiety
    5. Aggression towards other dogs
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    Lisa Joyner
    Deputy Daily Editor, Country Living and House Beautiful

     Lisa Joyner is the Deputy Daily Editor at House Beautiful UK and Country Living UK, where she's busy writing about home and interiors, gardening, dog breeds, pets, health and wellbeing, countryside news, small space inspiration, and the hottest properties on the market. Previously, she has written for Conde Nast Traveller, House & Garden and Marie Claire magazine. Lisa studied at University For The Creative Arts, where she completed a BA in Fashion Journalism.